Impact Of Cooperative Grouping On Low Achieving Sixth...

Impact of Cooperative Grouping on Low-Achieving Sixth Grade Math Students Stacy Rogers Arkansas Tech University Impact of Cooperative Grouping on Low Achieving Sixth Grade Math Students Chapter 1 Middle school math teachers, as well as all grade-level math teachers, are constantly searching for ways to help their students achieve mathematic success. Students come to classrooms from all backgrounds and each student has a completely different learning style - differentiated instruction is crucial in every classroom. Teachers are continuously implementing various teaching methods, along with traditional classroom instruction, to help their math students succeed. Peer tutoring, small group discussion, and one-on-one tutoring during lunch hours and before and after school times, are all methods that have all been utilized. These methods have been proven to be successful in assisting students in understanding the concepts and, consequently, helping raise unit test scores. However, teachers also want to see if students can do more on their own. They want their students to dig deeper and be able to improve their problem-solving skills; in doing this, students can take ownership of the learning of these math concepts and hopefully retain the concepts. After a group of sixth grade teachers gathered to discuss concerns regarding student performance, the idea of using cooperative grouping to teach their lessons was approached and discussed. The outcome of that conversationShow MoreRelatedManagement Course: Mba−10 General Management215330 Words   |  862 PagesMcGraw-Hill/Irwin abc McGraw−Hill Primis ISBN: 0−390−58539−4 Text: Effective Behavior in Organizations, Seventh Edition Cohen Harvard Business Review Finance Articles The Power of Management Capital Feigenbaum−Feigenbaum International Management, Sixth Edition Hodgetts−Luthans−Doh Contemporary Management, Fourth Edition Jones−George Driving Shareholder Value Morin−Jarrell Leadership, Fifth Edition Hughes−Ginnett−Curphy The Art of M A: Merger/Acquisitions/Buyout Guide, Third Edition Reed−Lajoux Read More_x000C_Introduction to Statistics and Data Analysis355457 Words   |  1422 PagesWindows is a registered trademark of the Microsoft Corporation used herein under license. Macintosh and Power Macintosh are registered trademarks of Apple Computer, Inc. Used herein under license. 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A fair number of the older cases have faced significant changes in the last few years, for better or for worse, and these we have captured to add to learning insights. After so

Art Analysis Egyptian Art - 917 Words

Anna Lam Professor Hayburn Western Civ. Art Analysis 2 March 2016 Art Analysis Paper Egyptian art has always been extremely interesting and Egyptian art has influenced a lot of other societies in the past. They have created the three pyramids, the sphinx, Pharaoh sculptures, and so much more. The one piece that is very intriguing was the Akhenaten, Nefertiti, and Daughters stone. Akhenaten changes the states religion to Aten which is the Sun God, he even changed his name to Akhenaten which means â€Å"He who is profitable to the Aten†. He makes his wife and himself the only representatives of Aten. He upsets the people of Egypt because they do not have access to the Sun God but Akhenaten and his wife do. (Cole, Symes, Goffin, Stacey, 33.) During the reign of Akhenaten, art has changed a lot. In the previous years, art has been completely different. Art had less body movement and details. Marsha Hill wrote in her article on the Met Museum Page: â€Å"Likewise, artistic changes were afoot before the reign of Amenhotep IV / Akhenaten. For example, Theban tombs of Dynasty 18 had begun to redefine artistic norms, exploring the possibilities of line and color for suggesting movement and atmospherics or employing more natural views of parts of the body.† –Marsha Hill The period that Akhenaten ruled was the Armarna Period. He built buildings with Aten on them and instead of using the traditional stone used for architecture, he used much smaller sets of stones. (Spence, 2011) Art was much moreShow MoreRelatedAncient Egyptian Art : A Visual Analysis Of Bastet And The Menat Of Taharqo1267 Words   |  6 Pages Cats in Ancient Egyptian Art: A Visual Analysis of Bastet and the Menat of Taharqo: the King Being Nursed by the Lion-Headed Goddess Bastet The ancient Egyptians are known for their fondness for animals, and the cat was a favorite household companion. Cats were common in ancient Egyptian art that depicted domestic scenes since they were greatly appreciated as killers of rodents, snakes, scorpions, ect. Typically homes with cats had less sickness, and fewer deaths. But beyond these roles, cats wereRead MoreFormal and Ekphrasis Analysis Of The palette of King Narme Essay835 Words   |  4 Pages The palette of King Narmer: Formal Analysis The Palette of King Narmer is a very small, flat 64 centimeters tall, shield shape palette that is believed to be used for holy ceremonies. Sculpt from smooth leveled siltstone. The siltstone is a soft yet dim color of gray. Small in scale, the palette is created with numerous intriguingly beautifully detailed carvings, and illustrations that fully decorate both sides. 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The two art forms that will be analyzed in this excerpt are The Tomb of Seti I, and pyramid texts such as The Cannibal Hymn. Egyptian Art and Religious InfluencesRead MoreAnalysis Of The Tomb Painting Queen Nefertari And Isis981 Words   |  4 PagesAnalysis of the tomb painting Queen Nefertari and Isis, by an unknown artist. Pigment painting on tomb walls. Queen and Goddess In this formal analysis, the subject is the wall painting Queen Nefertari and Isis, located in Nefertaris’ tomb. The painting shows the ancient Egyptian Goddess Isis â€Å"leading† the Queen by the hand. Nefertari lived around 1300-1255 BC and was the first and exclusively claimed wife of the Egyptian pharaoh Ramses II. 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I also think that art should be something that stimulates the senses or the mind in some way. Whether it me a painting with a hidden meaning or music which stimulates your hearing senses. 2. In the coursepack discussion â€Å"what is art,† what four pieces doRead MoreWriting Assignments : My Writing Assignment856 Words   |  4 Pagesnot changed much since the beginning of the semester. I use the same format as I did in the beginning to write my Literary Responses as well as the Homework assignments. Although the style and formatting of my papers did not change much, I think my analysis of the works have improved. I am able to describe the artworks better, and I have an easier time reading the Literary Response passages and interpreting it to my writing. In the beginning I struggled with writing these essays, but as the course wentRead MoreThe Artifacts And The Mummy Of King Tutankhamen s Tomb1498 Words   |  6 Pagesbook Egyptomania by Bob Brier which explained what sort of cultural impacts the discovery had on the tomb, the society craze towards it, and the industrial response set by corporations. A secondary source is the novel Tutankhamen: The Search For An Egyptian King by Joyce Tyldesley which analyzes all aspects on the discovery of King Tut including his life, his death, and his autopsy. Summary of Evidence The year is 1922, and Howard Carter has just uncovered a small tomb leading into what he later discoveredRead MoreThe Egyptian Book Of The Dead Essay1716 Words   |  7 PagesThe Egyptian Book of the Dead was used primarily from the establishment of the New Kingdom in 1550 BCE to 50 BCE. It consisted of the collection of texts and spells designed to assist the deceased in their journey to the next world. The book of the dead was part of a custom of memorial texts that consisted of the past Coffin Texts and the Pyramid Texts that were decorated on objects. Spells were drained from the past works and other Egyptian history courting to Third Intermediate Period (Budge, 2012:21)

American Education Free Essays

string(160) " But the frenzy hasn’t produced much, After untold billions of dollars and lofty reform packages too numerous to list, very little has been accomplished\." American Education is provided mainly by the government, with control and funding coming from three levels: federal, state, and local. At the primary and secondary school levels, curricula, funding, teaching, and other policies are set through locally elected school boards with jurisdiction over school districts. School districts can be (but are not always) coextensive with counties or municipalities. We will write a custom essay sample on American Education or any similar topic only for you Order Now Educational standards and standardized testing decisions are usually made by the states through acts of the state legislature and governor, and decisions of the state departments of education. Education of the learning disabled, blind, deaf, and emotionally disturbed is structured to adhere as closely as possible to the same experience received by normal students. Blind and deaf students usually have separate classes in which they spend most of their day, but may sit in on normal classes with guides or interpreters. The learning disabled often attend for the same amount of time as other students; however, they also usually spend most of their day in separate classrooms, commonly known as special education or special ed; here they often receive extra instruction or perform easier work. The goal of these programs, however, is to try and bring everyone up to the same standard and provide equal opportunity to those students who are challenged. Some students are identified early on as having dyslexia or being significantly slower learners than other students. The federal government supports the standards developed in the Individuals with Disabilities Education Improvement Act of 2004. The law mandates that schools must accommodate students with disabilities as defined by the act, and specifies methods for funding the sometimes large costs of providing them with the necessary facilities. Larger districts are often able to provide more adequate and quality care for those with special needs. It was noted that the country has a low literacy rate as compared with other developed countries, with a reading literacy rate at 86-98% of the population over age 15, while ranking below average in science and mathematics understanding. The poor performance has pushed public and private efforts such as the No Child Left Behind Act. In addition, the ratio of college-educated adults entering the workforce to general population (33%) is slightly below the mean of other developed countries (35%) and rate of participation of the labor force in continuing education is high. Under the No Child Left Behind Act, all American states must test students in public schools statewide to ensure that they are achieving the desired level of minimum education, such as on the Regents Examinations in New York or the Pennsylvania System of School Assessment (PSSA); students being educated at home or in private schools are not included. The Act also requires that students and schools show â€Å"adequate yearly progress. † This means they must show some improvement each year. Although these tests may have revealed the results of student learning, they may have little value to help strengthen the students’ academic weakness. For example, in most states, the results of the testing would not be known until six months later. At that time, the students have been promoted to the next grade or entering a new school. The students are not given a chance to review the questions and their own answers but their percentile of the test results as compare to their own peers. There are several undesirable phenomena seen in the administration of the testing. In Illinois, for example, the state government delegates the printing and distribution of the test questions and booklets to private companies . There are questions about the security of the tests through this management. In 2006, some school districts did not receive the test questions until after other school districts had finished the tests weeks later. During high school, students, usually in their junior (That is, third) year (11th grade), may take one or more standardized tests depending on their postsecondary education preferences and their local graduation requirements. In theory, these tests evaluate the overall level of knowledge and learning aptitude of the students. The SAT and ACT are the most common standardized tests that students take when applying to college. A student may take the SAT, ACT, or both depending upon the college the student plans to apply to for admission. Most competitive schools also require two or three SAT Subject Tests, (formerly known as SAT IIs), which are shorter exams that focus strictly on a particular subject matter. However, all these tests serve little to no purpose for students who do not move on to postsecondary education, so they can usually be skipped without affecting one’s ability to graduate However, many conservatives believe that American public education is in poor shape today because of cultural and social trends, most beginning in the 1960s, which destroyed classroom discipline, the moral basis for education, and a national consensus on what students should learn. There is some truth in this proposition, but ultimately it fails to explain why American students do not possess the communication and computational skills they need today to succeed in college or in the working world. By any standard, California students are observed to be not performing up to their full abilities. While some within the public school system claim that poor performance is due to inadequate government spending on education, more in-depth research demonstrates that such is not the case. The Pacific Research Institute’s California Index of Leading Education Indicators compiles data on the performance of students in California’s public education system. The findings in the Index reveal that poor student performance is the result not of too few taxpayer dollars, but of poor policy decisions by government education officials. Reform blockers of the American political system advantages those who prefer the status quo, which is why so little has changed in American education Twenty years ago â€Å"A Nation at Risk† set off alarms about the quality of America’s schools, and ever since our country has been caught up in a frenzy of education reform. But the frenzy hasn’t produced much, After untold billions of dollars and lofty reform packages too numerous to list, very little has been accomplished. You read "American Education" in category "Papers" Why such disappointing results? Many factors are no doubt responsible, but much of the answer rests with the politics of education. The problem is that, with rare exceptions, reforms that make it through the political process tend to be those that are acceptable to establish. Terry M. Moe , Mar 22, 2003 Further more he stated that â€Å"the teachers unions have more influence over the public schools than any other group in American society. They influence schools from the bottom up, through collective bargaining activities that shape virtually every aspect of school organization. And they influence schools from the top down, through political activities that shape government policy. They are the 800-pound gorillas of public education. Yet the American public is largely unaware of how influential they are–and how much they impede efforts to improve public schools. The problem is not that the unions are somehow bad or ill-intentioned. They aren’t. The problem is that when they simply do what all organizations do–pursue their own interests–they are inevitably led to do things that are not in the best interests of children. To appreciate why this is so, consider the parallel to business firms. No one claims that these organizations are in business to promote the public interest. They are in business to make money, and this is the fundamental interest that drives their behavior†. Terry M. Moe | Jan 22, 2005. The Wall Street Journal, Jan. 13 On the National Assessment of Educational Progress (NAEP) math test (last administered in 1996), 54 percent of California fourth graders scored below a basic ability level. The average test score of those taking the fourth-grade math surpassed only the average scores of students in Louisiana and Mississippi. While the 1994 NAEP reading test, the average test score of California fourth graders ranked at the very bottom of all states, tied for last with Louisiana. Not only did 59 percent of all California fourth graders score â€Å"below basic,† an even more appalling 71 percent of African American fourth graders and 81 percent of Hispanic fourth graders scored below basic. Interesting performance indicator is the Scholastic Assessment Test (SAT) scores of public versus private high school students. From 1987 to 1995, the average verbal score of public high school SAT takers in California dropped from 421 to 412 (with a low of 408) in 1994, while public school SAT math scores stayed constant at 485. Over that same time period, however, the average verbal score of parochial high school SAT takers increased from 432 to 442, while parochial school math scores increased from 464 to 484. Similarly, both the average verbal and math scores of independent private school SAT takers increased during that period. (See Figure 1. ) The public and private school systems seem to be headed in opposite directions, which is why school vouchers are becoming a more attractive option. The rhetoric of school reform often ignores the crucial role of individual decisions (by students, by parents, by business owners, by educators) in determining educational outcomes. You can lead a horse to water, the old adage goes, but you can’t make him drink. It’s a folksy way of imparting an important individualist truth. Providing students opportunities at school does not guarantee success if students watch television rather than do their homework – and parents let them. By assuming that any set of reform ideas can magically create a well-educated citizenry, we oversell the role of policy-making. Education requires initiative, a trait notoriously difficult to create or impose. American business leaders began to see a decentralized, â€Å"patchwork† education system as a liability in international competition. U. S. manufacturers, especially, saw the rise of Germany as a significant economic threat and sought to imitate that country’s new system of state-run trade schools. In 1905, the National Association of Manufacturers editorialized that â€Å"the nation that wins success in competition with other nations must train its youths in the arts of production and distribution. † German education, it concluded, was â€Å"at once the admiration and fear of all countries. † American business, together with the growing labor movement, pressed Congress to dramatically expand federal spending on education, especially for vocational instruction. Also, business and education leaders began to apply new principles of industrial organization to education, such as top-down organization and a â€Å"factory-floor† model in which administrators, teachers, and students all had a place in producing a standardized â€Å"final product. † These leaders created professional bureaucracies to devise and implement policy. Perhaps the most important boosters of America’s new public education system were what we might today call â€Å"cultural conservatives. † The turn of the century, after all, was a time of tremendous immigration. As more and more immigrants arrived in America, bringing with them a plethora of languages, cultural traditions, and religious beliefs, American political leaders foresaw the potential dangers of Balkanization. The public education system, once designed primarily to impart skills and knowledge, took on a far more political and social role. It was to provide a common culture and a means of inculcating new Americans with democratic values. Public schools, in other words, were to be a high-pressure â€Å"melting pot† to help America avoid the dismal fate of other multi-national polities. American political leaders were all too familiar with the Balkan Wars of the early 1900s, and were intent on avoiding a similar fate. Educators today lack the tools for dealing with unruly children thanks to two supreme court decisions of the late 1960’s and 1970’s. The bureaucratic lament that curriculums need to be revised, salaries should be raised, money should be poured into the system, teachers are not qualified, teachers salaries should be tied to students’ performances, are not the reasons for students not learning. Rather it is a lack of discipline in the classroom. One decision declared that schools do not have ‘absolute authority’ over their students and the other that a school had violated students’ ‘free speech’ by suspending them for not adhering to the school’s dress code. To compound the situation students have learned quickly that if a school official does something they do not like they can sue or just threaten to sue with sometimes very telling results. More importantly, the ever-present threat of lawsuits transforms a teacher from an active, authority figure into a fearful, hapless, down-trodden passive public servant. Discipline is key to learning and acquiring skills to be prepared for the rigorous task of facing the world. It certainly was in place and largely effective before the tumultuous ’60’s came along and â€Å"discipline† became sinister in connotation. Today classroom disruption is no longer of the mundane sort – feet on the desk, loud talking, noise-making and fighting. Schools are now dealing with sex offenders, pistol packing students, cursing, students and/or parents fighting with teachers and litigation, all of which undermine the teaching profession. When discipline goes out of the window, the pillars of civility get pushed aside. The universal moral values of self-control, self- respect, and respect for others and for property cease to exist. The door is flung wide open for all types of self-serving stress. Counselors, psychologists, psychoanalysts, television commentators, lawyers and many charlatans too, first on the scene of every school tragedy, screaming the blindingly obvious, blaming one parent, two parents, dysfunctional and functional, poor and not so poor families for the troubles of society’s young, and creating more chaos than calm in the lives of the young. The Solution There was a time when schools were counted always for stability, discipline, knowledge, caring and shaping the minds of young people. In addition, schools forged cohesive societies with very clear-shared values that conferred a sense of worth on all. That sense of worth could be revisited by a restoration of discipline; by teachers and parents working together, to make educating children their number one priority in life; by a system that instills character and spirituality and equips each student with cultural skills. The quest for social improvement and for making societies better rests with the future generation and if students are to have a sense of social responsibility and desire to live up to social obligations, then they must be armed with a real education premised on discipline. The alternative is not to be savoured. References Judy Gelbrich, OSU . 1999 – School of Education. Section II – American Education Part 1. Colonial America Patricia Caton (562) Technical Contact: webmaster@calstate. edu 951- 4807 Peter Sacks, Standardized Minds: The High Price of America’s Testing Culture How to cite American Education, Papers

Dhofar Fertilizers Company Ammonia Plant Feasiability Report

Question: Describe about the Report for Dhofar Fertilizers Company Ammonia Plant Feasiability Report. Answer: Introduction The demand for ammonia is on increase in Al Batinah North Governorate, since is a crucial input contributing to approximately 55% of productivity of crop, with expanding agricultural production, improvement in technology and growing awareness among farmers Fertilizer is a key ingredient in ensuring the food security of the country as it increase the production and productivity of soil Description Of The Dhofar Fertilizer Company Dhofar Fertilizer Company is located in the east side of Sohar capital city of Al Batinah North Governorate, is investing on on anew ammonia plant that will be installed in the area next to it, in order to manufacture Nitrogenous fertilizers Market Consideration The domestic food grain production is set at 120 million tonnes from 2016 2018, which can be achieved since the farming practices has been improved, expansion of irrigation, availability of better seed and extensive and balance use of fertilizers in the whole country of Al Batinah North Governorate Management Team The company comprises of the shareholders, with the government holding a great share, the C.E.O is Dr. Ahmed, production manager Mr Mohammed Al Farsi, technical staff and casual workers Technical Specification And Production Plan The fertilizer ammonia plant area is projected to cover will 3 hectares of the piece of land adjacent to the Dhofar company The production unit is estimated to be about 50,000 units since the raw materials are more available The Dhofar company executive has already acquired registration permit and the CCP has also been carried out, and environmental conservation authority has issued a licence Marketing Plan Ammonia plant cost data Description of cost area Item at 2000 tonnes/day million Scale experiment n Cost factor 1.5n Item at 684.9 tonnes/day a) Equipment item Furniture heaters 6.64 0.8 1.328 8.80 Package plant 1.06 0.65 1.355 2.45 Heat exchanger 5.90 0.55 1.302 6.69 Compressor and fans 3.12 0.85 1.355 4.24 Pumps 1.09 0.8 1.383 1.48 Turbines 2.34 0.6 1.328 2.12 Tanks 0.15 0.75 1.302 1.18 Vessels and column 5.20 0.65 1.302 6.77 Miscellaneous item 0.36 0.6 1.275 0.44 Total cost of equipment 25.86 0.69 1.322 34.19 b) Bulk items Electrics 2.39 0.8 1.328 3.03 Instrumentation 5.15 0.7 1.275 6.44 Piping 6.35 0.6 1.328 8.50 Structural steel 1.68 0.55 1.302 2.32 Insulation and painting 0.38 0.65 1.302 0.56 Catalyst and chemicals 0.95 1.0 1.500 1.28 Total cost bulk item 16.79 0.68 1.323 22.13 Total equipment 25.86 0.69 1.322 34.19 Total bulk item 16.79 0.69 1.323 23.13 Civil work 2.21 0.65 1.302 2.88 Construction 11.59 0.65 1.302 15.09 Engineering and procurement 6.90 0.5 1.225 8.45 Total cost 63.35 0.66 1.307 83.74 Examination Of Critical Risks And Problems Ammonia is a corrosive substance and the main toxic effects restricted to the direct contact with ammonia which include eyes, skin, respiratory tract, digestive tract Proper measures of wearing proper clothes covering every part of your body, goggles to protect eyes, nose, ears and mouth muffs to protect respiratory tract, digestive tracts and ears. Financial And Economic Plan Fixed capital investment Total equipment from the table = 34.19 million Total bulk item from the table = 23.13 million Civil works = 2.88 million Construction = 15.09 million Engineering and procurement = 8.45 million Fixed capital investment = 34.19 million + 23.13 million + 2.88 million + 15.09 million + 8.45 million = 83.7 million Working capital investment = current assets - current liability Balance sheet for plant Assets Liabilities Cash 30 million Account profitable 15 million Marketable securities 3 million Accrued experts 10 million Account receivable 15 million Notes payable 2 million inventory 20 million Current term debt 5 million 68 million 32 million Working capital = 68 million - 32 million = 36 million Total capital investment = total liabilities total equity current liabilities = excess Fixed capital = 84 million Current liabilities = 32 million Current assets = 68 million Working capital = 36 million Total capital = 84 million + 32 million+ 68 million + 36 million = 120 million Direct labour = construction + civil works = 2.88 + 15.09 = 17.97 million Direct material = total equipment+ total bulk item = 34.19 + 23.13 = 57.32 million Overhead = engineering and procurement = 8.45 million Product cost per unit tonne = total direct material + total direct labour + total manufacturing overhead cost = [17.97 + 57.32 + 8.45]/250000 tonnes per year = 83.74 million/250000 = 334.96 million per unit tonnes [current original values]/original value * 100 = [83.74 - 63.35]/63.35 * 100 = 32.19% Evaluation And Conclusion The plant is targeting to help to a great advance meet the demand of nitrogenous fertilizers and will increase the productivity of crops and finally the food shortage is expected to reduce to a higher level on every family in Al Batinah North governorate

The Benefits of a Multicultural America free essay sample

In America, people are born and raised to believe that this country was founded on human rights such as life, liberty, and pursuit of happiness. In reality these rights were not always accessible for minorities in United States. Minorities in America have had to overcome obstacles including being treated as second class citizens. Multiculturalism has existed throughout the history of America. People have migrated for thousands of years moving into different habitats and spreading their influences over one another. David Burgos a writer for adage, a website that specialize in advertising states, â€Å"I bet most of you thought about Blacks or African Americans and Hispanics. Probably some of you mentioned Asians too, and maybe a few even associated it with non-race- or ethnicity-based minority segments such as Muslims. Indeed, if you are like most of the U. S. population, it is very likely that your response to my question did not include Whites at all. We will write a custom essay sample on The Benefits of a Multicultural America or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Why? Because we as a society tend to downplay the role of Whites when the conversation centers on race-related topics† (Burgos). The mixing of different cultures has resulted in many different outcomes depending on their situation. The belief that several different cultures can coexist peacefully and equitably in a single country, this is the idea we hope to achieve. Multiculturalism is a belief that encourages the settlement of communities that contains different aspects of cultural behaviors and thinking. Throughout the history of the United States, the concept of different cultures interacting with each other has affected what has become modern America. In America, the flow of continuous mass immigration has greatly contributed to the economy, political atmosphere, and the demographics of the country. The myth of the American dream was created in the 19th century which people spread rumors across the world about a country that was culturally diverse with a melting Pot of tradition. The complex situations in modern American are diverse and demand different cultures working together to make this country better. Native Americans were the first known humans to inhabit North America. Hundreds of tribes and civilizations existed and vanished due to famine, war, and other unknown causes. Before the Europeans arrived, Native Americans were naturalists and viewed the world as a gift from their gods. The colonists viewed the Natives land as an opportunity for them to continue colonel expand. Ninian R, Stein, a professor for brown university writes, â€Å"For the early European colonists who settled in Southern New England, subsistence, or more explicitly agriculture, was the culturally defined way of determining both land ownership and cultural identity. These settlers and subsequent generations turned their gaze to Native American peoples in efforts to categorize Native subsistence creating images that persist in the historical literature. Images of Native American subsistence remain central to how we today understand, reconstruct and attempt to represent Pre-Contact landscapes in Southern New England. † Although both groups had different views of life, they still managed to find a way to communicate and encourage trade. This is the start to a multicultural idea in America and has spread out throughout decades. An influx of people with even greater diversities in culture followed the first Europeans including Irish and Chinese people. America became stronger due to diverse abilities that people from all over the world possessed. Multiculturalism is not just diversity in a country, because almost every country in this world has a curtain aspect in which can be argued is indeed diversified. Examples of this might include the Christians in Syria which are indeed minority in a Muslim country. Although this is diversity in a religion sense, it does not qualify as a different cultural because of the close interrogation within the two sub groups. The Christians and Muslims have lived together for hundreds of years, the only thing that separate the two groups from being entirely similar in life is religion. In order for groups to be classified as multicultural they have to be culturally different. One group of people that was completely different from Native Americans and Europeans are Africans. Africans are unique because they are the only group of individuals that came to the land of the free by force. The African slave trade brought millions of Africans to America for slave labor. African traditions and customs have influenced almost everything in America. Music, pop cultural, books all have curtain aspects that can be traced back to Africa. The descendants of Africans have also influenced the country from the federal level by leading the civil rights movement and other historical situations that help make this country fair and equal for everyone. An article in the morning call, does a great job describing the impact that Africans have had on modern America, â€Å"The landslide election of a black president is a testament to the American people and an affirmation of one of the most important principles in the Declaration of Independence: All men are created equal(Cole). African Americans have gone through a tremendous shift in life that has benefited everyone in the country. Another group of people that had an impact in the multicultural growth of the United States is the Irish. The Irish were a people from Ireland who migrated to America in hopes of seeking a new and better life. Irish people wanted jobs and money in order to survive the potato famine that divested the population of Ireland Glen, Elsasser, a writer for the Chicago tribune states, At the time of the famine, Irelands population was approximately 9 million, whose district encompasses the old waterfront neighborhood of Fells Point, where the so-called coffin ships from Ireland docked with cargoes of dead and diseased victims of the Great Hunger. Approximately 1 million perished and almost 2 million emigrated. You are talking about a nation that lost a third of its population† (Elsasser). This quote does a great job explaining the challenges Irish faced coming to America. The transcontinental railroad was a great opportunity for people in the Irish communities to find work. The majority of workers on the railroad were Irish and Chinese workers. The Irish were quick learners who integrated quickly into American culture redefining as a whole. There have been presidents, novelists, and countless other important people in American that can trace their ancestry to Ireland. Most people in America understand and embrace the contributions that the Irish people have had on the multicultural growth of America.

Alaric - Formation of the Gothic Kingdom Timeline

Alaric - Formation of the Gothic Kingdom Timeline Alaric Sacks Rome | Alaric Timeline Alaric Before 395: Alaric, a Gothic king [see Visigoths Timeline], had no territory or power base beyond his soldiers, but he was leader of the Goths for 15 years. When he died, his brother-in-law took over. When he died, Walla, and then, Theoderic ruled the Goths, but by then the Gothic king finally had a physical territory over which to rule. One of the historical sources, Claudian, says Alaric confronted the Emperor Theodosius at the Hebrus River in 391, but Alaric didnt come into prominence until 4 years later, in 395, when Stilicho sent Alaric and auxiliary troops who had served in the Battle of the Frigidus to the Eastern Empire. 395-397: The historian Zosimus claims Alaric, upset that he lacked a proper military title, marched on Constantinople to try to get it. According to Claudian, Rufinus, (de facto head of the Eastern Empire at the moment) bribed Alaric with Balkan provinces to sack, instead. Looting, Alaric advanced through the Balkans and via Thermopylae into Greece. In 397, Stilicho led naval forces against Alaric, forcing the Gothic troops to Epirus. This act provoked Rufinus, so he persuaded eastern Emperor Arcadius to declare Stilicho a public enemy. He withdrew and Alaric received a military position, perhaps magister militum per Illyricum. 401-402: Between then and 401, nothing is heard of Alaric. Gainas, a Gothic military leader under Theodosius, went in and out of favor so that Alaric thought his Goths would be better off elsewhere. They set off for the Western Empire, arriving at the Alps on November 18. Alaric threatened to invade Italy, and then carried through. He fought against Stilicho at Pollentia (map ), on Easter in 402. Stilicho won, took Alarics loot, his wife, and his children. The two sides signed a truce and Alaric withdrew from Italy, but soon Stilicho claimed Alaric had violated the terms, so they fought in the summer of 402 at Verona. 402-405: Although the battle was indecisive, Alaric withdrew to the Balkans, where he stayed until 404 or 405 when Stilicho granted him the office of magister militum for the West. In 405, Alarics people went to Epirus. This, again, upset the Eastern Empire who saw it as preparation for an invasion of Illyricum (map ). 407: Alaric marched to Noricum (Austria) where he demanded protection money what was probably enough to repay his losses at Pollentia in return for not invading Italy. Silicho, who wanted Alarics help elsewhere, persuaded Emperor Honorius and the Roman Senate to pay. 408: Arcadius died in May. Stilicho and Honorius planned to go East to tend to the succession, but Honorius magister officiorum, Olympius, persuaded Honorius that Stilicho was planning a coup. Stilicho was executed on August 22. Olympius refused to honor Stilichos bargain. Alaric next demanded gold and a hostage exchange, but when Honorius refused, Alaric marched on Rome and put the city under siege. There he was joined by veterans of other barbarian battles. The Romans feared starvation, so they promised to send an embassy to Honorius (in Rimini) to convince him to settle with Alaric. 409: The imperial legation met the Romans. Alaric demanded money, grain (it wasnt just the Romans who were hungry) and the top military office, magisterium utriusque militiae which post Stilicho had held. The imperials conceded money and grain, but not the title, so Alaric marched on Rome, again. Alaric made two more attempts with smaller demands, but was rebuffed, so Alaric set up his second siege of Rome, but with a difference. He also set up a usurper, Priscus Attalus, in December. The historian Olympiodorus says Attalus gave Alaric his title, but rejected his advice. 410: Alaric deposed Attalus and then took his troops near Ravenna to negotiate with Honorius, but he was attacked by a Gothic general, Sarus. Alaric took this as a token of Honorius bad faith, so he marched on Rome, again. This was the major sack of Rome mentioned in all the history books. Alaric and his men sacked the city for 3 days, ending on August 27. [See Procopius.] Along with their plunder, the Goths took Honorius sister, Galla Placidia, when they left. The Goths still didnt have a home and before they acquired one, Alaric died of a fever very soon after the sacking, at Consentia. 411: Alarics brother-in-law Athaulf marched the Goths into southern Gaul. In 415, Athaulf married Galla Placidia, but the new western magister utriusque militiae, Constantius, starved the Goths out, anyway. After Athaulf was assassinated, the new Gothic king, Walla, made peace with Constantius in exchange for food. Galla Placidia married Constantius, producing a son Valentinian (III) in 419. Wallas men, now in the Roman army, cleared the Iberian peninsula of Vandals, Alans, and Sueves. In 418 Constantius settled Wallas Goths in Aquitaine, Gaul. The Goths in Aquitaine were the 1st autonomous barbarian kingdom inside the Empire. Source Irene Hahns Review of Michael Kulikowskis Romes Gothic Wars: From the Third Century to Alaric (Key Conflicts of Classical Antiquity. Take the Alaric Quiz.

A Closer Look at Nashville TN Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

A Closer Look at Nashville TN - Research Paper Example As the discussion highlights  Tennessee infant mortality rate per 1000 live births was 7.4. This was a significant drop by 22% compared to 2003. Based on the 2011 records, the number of white infant deaths was 361 with a mortality rate of 6.0, whereas, the number of black infant deaths was 211 with a rate of 12.8 per live births. The leading causes of infant death in the state were birth defects, preterm birth and low birth-weight and accidents. The accidental deaths were majorly owing to strangulation and suffocation that tended to occur in bed. The 5th leading cause of death in infants is the Sudden Infant Death Syndrome.This essay discusses that there are some identifiable risk factors contributing to the prevalence of the top five diseases. Environmental factors such as air pollution contribute to the prevalence of heart disease, cancer and lung disease. Other risk factors include smoking, obesity, physical inactivity and a poor diet. The risk factors identified in Tennessee ar e similar to national and local records. Since 2005-2013, smoking in the country remained fairly stable at 25% among adults with a 15.7% decline among the youths. Obesity also remained fairly stable at 35% in adults and 17% in youths. Similarly, also obesity ranks high in Tennessee across all ethnic groups and ages.  A number of epidemiological methods are used in the gathering of data. For example, the morbidity survey that focuses on the collection of morbidity data of both the sick and the well.

Carbon Cap and Trade Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Carbon Cap and Trade - Research Paper Example Watch CO2Â  Now.org, the annual trend of CO2 emission has been on the rise since 1959 when the amount of CO2 emitted to the atmosphere was 315.97 ppm. In 2014, the amount had spiraled to 398.55 ppm. As such many countries have joined in the race to reduce the rate of carbon emission into the atmosphere by enacting environmental policies aimed at cutting down the volume of CO2 released into the atmosphere through human activities and oblige to the Kyoto Protocol. Having gone through an introduction to the state of global CO2 emission, it is prudent to look at policies countries are implementing to reduce the rate of CO2 emission into the atmosphere. This paper focuses on Carbon Cap and Trade as a means of reducing the emissions of CO2 through human activities. Cap and trade refers to an environmental policy mechanism that achieves its mission by imposing mandatory cap on carbon emissions. According to this mechanism, a regulatory body, for example, the federal government, device and puts a cap on the acceptable volumes of emission of a pollutant (CO2) for specified polluters such as manufacturing companies. The overall amount of permissible emissions under the cap is apportioned into single permits. Emission permits are permits that give polluters the right to emit certain ton of CO2 into the atmosphere. Each permit gives the authority to emit a given volume of the pollutant. These permits are then distributed to polluters covered by the program. The cap specifies the maximum amount of tons of carbon that a polluter is allowed to emit. The cap limits the number of permits that can be issued to polluters, thus making the permits financially valuable items that can be bought and sold in an open market. Consequently, companies that are capab le of lowering their emissions at cheaply can sell their surplus permits to companies with high cost of reducing emissions. This approach offers companies the freedom to choose how to meet their emission targets. However, market

Theology Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 3

Theology - Case Study Example rk through preaching and baptism in river Jordan, were a fulfillment of prophesies by prophet Isaiah and given my prior reading of the book of Isaiah (Mark 1 NIV), I found the events in Mark familiar. I would like to know Mark’s understanding of the book of Isaiah and how he clearly identified and documented the events during the time of John to be a fulfillment of the prophesies of Isaiah. A few questions I would like answered on the author; Apostle Mark in this case is: Did he witness the life of John or was the information passed to him through narration by either man or the Holy Spirit? Did he out rightly believe that Jesus was the Messiah Isaiah talked about or was he convinced by the miracles and preaching that Jesus later did during his time on earth? I would equally like to know how the early readers understood the book of Mark, especially those who were witnesses to the life of both John and Jesus. Did they connect with the writings as we do today or were there better believers given their eye witness accounts of these happenings? "Mark 1 NIV - John the Baptist Prepares the Way - The - Bible Gateway." BibleGateway.com: A searchable online Bible in over 100 versions and 50 languages.. N.p., n.d. Web. 3 Apr. 2013.

Transactional and relationship marketing

Transactional and relationship marketing In this age of modernization and technological advancement one must be on top of the game to succeed in a competitive business market. And to accomplish this task a firm need not only produce high quality products but also effectively handle customer queries and complaints, which results in maintaining good customer relationship. Two different types of marketing approaches have been discussed here. Transactional marketing which focuses only on individual transactions and gives no importance for customer relationship. On the other hand, Relationship Marketing gives top most importance for building long term customer relationships and concentrates on customer satisfaction. Differences between these two approaches have been provided for better understanding of the concepts. Detailed study has been done on customer relationship management techniques, how it is beneficial for the organisation, etc. In the end, we will be discussing the best practices followed by ICICI Bank Ltd, a successf ul and leading organisation in the banking industry. Transactional Marketing is a traditional marketing approach that concentrates only on individual transactions. It mainly focuses on the single sale formula, pushing the sales through mass marketing and promotions of the product. It is based on short period of time, with little or no emphasis on customer service. It is a theory that includes low-price competition, cost cutting, promotion, return on investment etc. They also believe that they can gain market share with only price and customer loyalty is not a major factor. Effective use of the internet helps them to reach customers in a cost effective manner. Transactional Marketing is done by the purchase of consumer information in the form of databases. The company then reaches the consumer by telemarketing, mass e-mailing and other promotional activities. It is not very popular currently as there is no post sale consulting or service. Example: A sales agent who is given commission for each successful sale. He / she tries to persuade the customer to buy the product by describing the features of the product, and then never get back to the customer after closing the sale. http://farm2.static.flickr.com/1146/541909499_13501229b7.jpg In simple words, we can say that Transactional Marketing focuses on maximizing the profit of the company by attracting more customers to purchase the firms product. Relationship Marketing Relationship marketing is concerned with developing and strengthening the relationship with both current and prospective customers. It is more focused on providing the valued products and services to the customers rather than advertisement and promotion. It differs from other marketing schemes as it aims to value the long term relationship and customers contribution towards the business. The main emphasis will be on retention of existing customers for the long term benefits of the company, not on attracting new customers on a daily basis. This gives the organization a competitive gain over its rivals. The biggest threat every company face is the fear that their customers could switch to its competitors. But, if an organization follows a good relationship strategy, their customers are less likely to switch to the competitors. Today, companies are trying their best to build long term relationship with the customers, which will lower the cost of attracting new ones. This ongoing process of building and creating new values with individual customers, and sharing lifetime benefits with them is vital and very important for the organisation because it creates the sense of loyalty in customers and long-term profit for the company. Customer loyalty, particularly to a small business is the key to companys survival. Example: In banking industry, it is very important to maintain a very good relationship with the customers. More number of happy customers will help in terms of expanding customer base, which will result in more revenue and gaining competitive edge over others in the industry. http://www.cxo.eu.com/media/media-news/news-thumb/100517/customer-relationship-management.jpg Comparison between Transactional and Relationship Marketing Transactional Marketing Relationship Marketing Short time scale Long time scale Focus on single sale Focus on retention of the customer No importance to customer service Top priority for customer service Orientation to product features Orientation to customer values Limited commitment towards customers Higher commitment towards customers Focus on product quality while production Ensure product quality in all aspects No post sale consulting or services Follow up after sales to ensure customer satisfaction Mechanical and production oriented business model More humanistic and relationship based business model In conclusion, we can say that Relationship Marketing is a much more affordable approach in terms of a companys budget as it focuses on current customers and prospective clients rather than blindly searching for individuals who may have no interest in the product or services offered by the company. http://courseware.finntrack.eu/images/RelationshipMarketingIsNotJustLoyaltyPrograms.jpg Customer Relationship Management Customer Relationship Management (CRM) is a comprehensive approach for creating, maintaining and expanding customer relationships. An excellent customer relationship management is at the heart of every business success. With CRM, you will easily understand customer requirements, meet those needs effectively, predict market trends and enhance your bottom line. A good CRM will help the business to become more efficient and effective. CRM is the strategic use of Information, processes, technology and people to manage the customers relationship with your company (Marketing, sales, services and support) across the whole customer life cycle. CRM will help the business to improve customer satisfaction, increase staff productivity, slash operational costs and maximize the effectiveness of each customer interaction. CRM programs enhance the customer-friendly services by automating all proceedings and procedures in a company. All CRM systems are primarily large customer databases capable of storing all customer information such as customers name, address, customer contacting method, ability to spend money on products, money spending per visit etc. The specific programs built in these systems integrate the stored data on demand to identify good customers and help to create better service plans for them. The finest CRM system chiefly computerizes the customer service process and also makes it more competent and user friendly. Customers can effortlessly navigate their way to the exact information, so that personal exchanges such as phone calls, emails can be put away for, out of the ordinary situations. http://www.masternewmedia.org/images/customer_relationships_management_handshake_id180610_size485_b.jpg The key to targeting new customers is relatively straight forward, holding onto them is another thing altogether, and this is where good customer service plays an important role. Taking all the efforts to keep a client happy, will vastly improve the chances of them returning with their custom in the future. Effective CRM is central to any successful business. In short, it is the process a company follows to track and organise its current customer base. If implemented correctly, a holistic CRM approach can help businesses of all sizes to make better informed marketing decisions, offer more efficient customer service and support and, ultimately, create shorter sales cycles. CRM software enables companies to proactively create sales that otherwise may not have happened. And ultimately, the long term success of any business will depend on the effectiveness of their overall customer relationship management strategy. Success of any business small, medium or large greatly depends on customer satisfaction and the manner in which an enterprise makes attempts to cater to client requirements and boost customer relationships. It is herein that the concept of CRM becomes vital to win customers and sustain their growth. Benefits of CRM Customer Satisfaction: Using CRM, marketing, selling and servicing your customers will be organized and systematic. As every customer interaction is done in a consistent way, your business exceeds customers expectations. A well-implemented CRM will increase customer satisfaction. A Customer Relationship Management for your company is a worthwhile investment and a smart solution to keep your business stay competitive. Today, CRM programs have become the most effective tools for all marketing and service providing companies to enhance their customer satisfaction. Increased Revenue: CRM will result to shorter sales cycles because of efficient management of accounts and orders. This will then naturally encourage business growth and long term profitability as the number of customers increase and opportunities are maximized. In the cut throat environment of modern times, a CRM system then emerges as a valuable tool to help build customer loyalty. CRM as the acronym suggests is all about managing the customer. If the customer is managed in an effective manner, the profit on a continuous basis is the logical by-product. A business can generate profit only when it has a committed and faithful following of customers. It does not matter whether your business is small, or you are running a large business, the longevity of your business relays on the information you acquire about your customer. Profits can be maximized first and foremost on a continued basis by having retaining satisfied customers. It can be done only through a personal touch. This personal touch can be ensured through maintaining a database on the needs and preferences of your customers. Building a relationship of trust and understanding by knowing their needs and wants will help you and your customer develop a long term relationship, or more importantly, partnership. Reduced costs: Through the use of CRM, work and activities become systematic and coordinated. This will eliminate waste of funds and leads to reduced labour costs. CRM solution providers bring in healthy solutions to enable companies to better serve their customers and recognize their target customers, manage marketing campaigns and generate quality leads for the sales team. Statistics reveal that expenditure is much higher in acquiring a new customer than to retain an existing one. This can be guaranteed by keeping a database on the requirements of your customers. CRM system allows you to have a better grip on your customers. This in turn saves a lot of time and money thereby by being twice as more beneficial to your concern than any other similar system. Why CRM is crucial? CRM is an effective tool to take the business forward as it helps to evaluate the companys customer base and manage their customer data efficiently and effectively. It is required to have a proper planning and a strategic device to expand their footprint as well as retain their old customers, while also winning new clients; CRM becomes imperative in the current situation. CRM also helps businesses to simplify sales and marketing processes, while also reducing costs. http://www.thebmrant.com/wp-content/uploads/2009/03/crm-12.jpg The main objective of CRM is to maintain a better understanding of the customer requirements and manage customer relationship through the use of software, Web-based integration of business processes and methodologies. Besides, CRM programme provides a swift mechanism to monitor all contact points between a client and the company, thereby reducing the hassles of handling customer complaints. Loyal Customers are Most Important Profit Drivers Best customers, allow you to earn your acquisition cost and generate a positive return on investment. The longer you keep them, the more positive your returns will be. Loyal customers are more likely to buy more things from you. They dont have to be sold as hard because they understand your value proposition and, since they have a relationship with you, they are more likely to see your marketing, which increases revenue and profit, and reduces acquisition cost. Loyal customers will pay a higher price. They understand your product and see its value. You dont have to bribe them to buy again. This further improves the profitability of the company. Experienced customers cost less to service. Because they know how your product or service works. All this reduces your cost, which improves profitability. Loyal customers will happily tell their friends and associates about your product. This brings in more great customers with no acquisition cost. http://images04.olx.com.ph/ui/13/95/62/1300216362_177789362_2-Pictures-ofBuild-Your-Business-With-Loyal-Customers.jpg http://themarketbureauwebsite.businesscatalyst.com/images/blog/growth2.jpg Impact of CRM on Marketing and Operations of an Organisation This view of CRM completely changed the operations of the organisations. Companies became more concerned about keeping the existing customer than searching for new ones. This new dimension of marketing changed the entire approach, companies changed their marketing strategies, and every customer is different than other, so each one is being treated differently. Different CRM strategies are used by the companies, which allow them to identify their best customers, try to satisfy their needs and continuously increase their level of satisfaction and take them up to the loyalty level. CRM has affected the marketing of the organisation in a sense that it made organisations to change all its marketing strategies and operations. CRM based organisations are concerned about the customers. Organisations now attempt to define the characteristics of the best customers, estimate their lifetime value, and are changing their marketing strategies accordingly. CRM system is mostly technology based, and it affects the customers behaviour a lot, if it is not implemented properly. CRM has a huge impact on marketing of the organization. It has almost shifted the focus from mass marketing to individual customer. Managing each customer relationship is the heart of CRM, while traditional market metrics hardly allowed the companies to make operational decisions that affect individual customers. CRM helped the organizations to improve its mass marketing and campaign measures. These retention campaigns cost a lot but its very effective in longer run. Furthermore, having a regular client base also alleviates a lot of the pressure that comes with continuously having to target new customers, which is not only costly and time consuming, but there is no guarantee how much revenue any new marketing initiative will generate. http://www.divessi-indo.com/images/loyalty-cycle.gif By having access to customers detailed buying history, its possible to offer related products and services. Known as cross-selling, this is an extremely effective means of generating additional revenue. Then there is what is known as up-selling, which is where the customer is encouraged to buy upgrades or add-ons at the point of sale. Traditional marketing approach was more focused on the sales while CRM has a view of long-term relationship with the customers. This idea of retaining the customers made huge changes within the organizations and changed its marketing and operations. Organisations started building and maintaining databases of the customers information. CRM made businesses more conscious about customer services, acquiring and serving the customers, increasing their value towards the company, retaining good customers and determining which customer should be retained or given a higher level of services. Businesses today put a lot of efforts on analysing the purchasing behaviour of the customer; they manage several databases where they keep records of each customer. According to the information each customer is targeted separately. Different schemes and campaigns are being organized by the business to retain the customers. These schemes include different promotions to create a sense of loyalty among the customer. Like different newspapers give a free copy to its regular customers. http://securitysystemprice.com/images/opfso-2.jpg http://t2.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcSbDzvInkO7kX_1BM9EIfTILUYrMayXiYqzJKgmmVjN5SsYzG5goAt=1 A CRM system could run better if the organisation have the right employees, who have knowledge of the CRM system, so organisations now have to spend more on training the employees and make them aware of the system. CRM system is more or less technology based so certain tools should be upgraded continuously like Web Pages. Organisations now tend to make databases of the customers, which have increased the burden because this approach of one-to-one marketing and customer loyalty expects a lot. With the implementation of CRM system in the organizations, their marketing strategies seemed to be customer centric (striving to create the customer loyalty rather than making new customer every time) and focus is being given to One-to-one marketing, rather than mass marketing. Today, organisations are more customer centric. In simple worlds organization makes sure that its customers could easily contact it. The best example of customer centric organization could be Amazon.com. They have personalized web pages with wide range of products to select, the low price lead towards the customer loyalty and a long-term relationship of Amazon.com. One-to-one Marketing: It is also expressed as 1:1 Marketing. Its a CRM strategy which emphasis on personalized interaction with customers. It is thought that this personalized interaction will grow customer loyalty and will give a better return on the marketing investments. This one-to-one marketing term could be new but the approach is quite old. And its been taking place since the commerce came into existence. For example: the owner of a grocery store would naturally take this one-to-one approach while dealing with customers, i.e. remembering the customer details about their preferences and their characteristics and ultimately providing the services based on that knowledge. http://www.websitepromotionsltd.co.uk/images/customer-focus3.jpg?__SQUARESPACE_CACHEVERSION=1295915031625 http://kiranmendekar.files.wordpress.com/2010/06/customer_focus.jpg In Conclusion, we can say that CRM has given organization great benefits in terms of improved marketing methods, customer retention, a growth in the market share and an analysis of customer profitability. CRM provides the organization with a sustainable competitive advantage. CRM is the comprehensive approach of creating and maintaining long term relationships. This one to-one marketing approach has impacted a lot on different aspects of the organization; this is more technology-based approach to stay in touch with customers, striving to make them loyal with the company. Due to this relation maintaining approach, companies have also affected in terms of their marketing strategies, and their operations. Companies have to change all of their previous strategies and start working on this new approach. http://www.awinsjclarke.com/wp-content/uploads/diag_serv_crm2.gif Case Study Best CRM Practices followed by ICICI Bank Ltd CRM at ICICI involves increased communication between the bank and the customers. ICICI believes that a true customer-centric relationship can only be accomplished by considering the unique perspectives of every single customer. ICICI also believes in one to one marketing strategy by tracking complete customer life-cycle history. Effective use of Cross Selling technique helped the bank in terms of generating more revenue. Implementing CRM at ICICI Bank Business Focus: There are various components of CRM like customer information, sales, marketing trends and marketing effectiveness that acted in tandem to improve relationship between ICICI and its consumers. ICICI captured customer data and analyzed them while dealing with customers at these very touch points. A CRM solution from Siebel was implemented for the automation of customer handling in all key retail products of the Group. The solution allows customer service agents to track all customer complaints and requests. It also allows target setting and centralized tracking of turnaround times for request fulfilment. The bank has also undertaken a retail data warehouse initiative to achieve customer integration at the back-office. This central view of the total customer relationship is being used extensively for identifying opportunities to cross-sell new products and services to the existing customer base. Technology Focus: ICICI Bank continues to leverage information and computer technology as a strategic tool for its business operations to gain competitive advantage. Its technology strategy emphasizes enhanced level of customer services through 247 availability, multi-channel banking and straight through processing, and cost efficiency through optimal use of electronic channels, wider and focused market reach and opportunities for cross-selling. The Technology Management Group (TMG) is the focal point for the ICICI Groups technology strategy and Group-wide technology initiatives. This group reports directly to the Managing Director CEO. A key to ICICIs success has been its ability to harness business information to CRM initiatives that have fuelled growth and helped attract more than 30 million customers. http://www.foxif.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/02/ICICI-Bank.jpg http://thezerolife.com/kobnaghar/wp-content/uploads/ICICIBankCustomerFirstTheZeroLife.Com_thumb.jpg Components of CRM Cycle Understand and Differentiate: Organisations need to understand their customers in order to have a relationship with them. ICICI understands every individual and offer products and services based on their learning. Develop and Customise: In a customer-focused world, Organizations are increasingly developing products and services, and even new channels based on customer needs and service expectations. ICICI believes that the extent of customization should be based on the potential value delivered by the customer segment. Interact and Deliver: ICICI is strongly of the opinion that value is not just based on the price of the product or the discounts offered, but are based on a number of factors including the quality of products and services, convenience, speed, ease of use, responsiveness, and service excellence. Acquire and Retain: The more ICICI learns about customers, the easier it is to pinpoint those that are producing the greatest value for the organization. They aim to continue to learn more about each customer segment and use it for successful customer retention. As ICICI moves step further in CRM they hopes to gain insight and understanding that enhance the subsequent efforts. Successful customer retention is based on the organizations ability to constantly deliver the best services to its customers. http://cdn.information-management.com/media/editorial/dmreview/199911/199911_060_1.gif We can say that ICICI Bank has achieved this level by way of focussed and customer centric approach using various customer relationship management techniques. CRM plays a vital role for organisations growth and success. Effective use of the latest and proven CRM techniques will help organisations to be competitive in this changing world. http://www.gwtindia.com/wp-content/uploads/2010/08/crm_internship.jpg

Why Do Labor Unions Matter? Essay -- Why Unions Matter

Introduction The labor union movement over the years has shaped the way individuals work and live for both the nicest and unpleasant. Some would think the unions influence has created a power struggle between management and union leaders. In today’s time, some citizens insist the existence of unions are a must to aid in employee freedom, while others view the labor unions as just another problem in the line of progress. The purpose of labor unions was for employed workers to come together and collectively agree on fundamental workplace objectives. The rise of the union came about after the Civil War- responding to the industrial economy. Surprisingly at the least unions became popular within the 1930-50’s and began to slowly decrease, starting in the 1960’s on to today. Although, the popularity of labor unions has decreased, its importance remains to be evident with politics, journalism, auto, and the public education industries. The objective of this paper is to shine light upon labor unions, taking a closer look at the disputed issues of union ethics, concerns of union diversity, and the opposing viewpoints of labor unions. Why Do Labor Unions Matter? Unions have an extensive history of standing up for workers. They have advocated rights of steelworkers, coal miners, clothing factory employees, teachers, health care workers, and many others. The labor movement is based on the idea that organized workers as a group have more power than individuals would have on their own. The key purpose of any union is to negotiate contracts, making sure workers are respected and fairly compensated for their work. â€Å"In theory† unions are democratic organizations, resulting in varying inner authority. Workers look for security within a job a... ...d from http://data.bls.gov/pdq/SurveyOutputServlet (accessed May 5, 2012). Wagner, V. (2008). Labor Unions opposing viewpoints. Farmington Hills, MI: Greenhaven Press. Gould, W. (1977). Black workers in white unions: Job discrimination in the United States. London: Cornell University Press. Dine, P. (2008). State of the Unions. New York. NY: McGraw-Hill. Zieger, R. (2007). For jobs and freedom: Race and Labor in America since 1865. Lexington, KY: The University Press of Kentucky. McNeese, T. (2008). The Labor Movement: Unionizing America. New York. NY: InfoBase Publishing. SOLIDARITY FOR SALE - LABORERS: LIUNA-An Unofficial Look At ... (n.d.). Retrieved from http://www.laborers.org/SOLIDARITYFORSALE.html Ethics and the Unions - Part 1. Industrial Workers of the World. (n.d.). Retrieved from http://www.iww.org/en/history/library/Dolgoff/newbeginning/1